infection and replication of plant viruses

Overall, plant viruses have relatively small genomes and are streamlined in structure There are many types of plant virus, but often they only cause a loss of yield, and it is not economically viable to try to control them. The small genome size and the ability in colonizing systemically the host have implemented the use of plant viruses to carry segments of host genes that can then promote the silencing of the RNAs expressed from the corresponding endogenous genes in a process called virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Compared to current strategies to employ RNAi to investigate the basis of fungal pathogenesis, the VIGS approach described here is more direct, easy to do, and feasible. ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the life cycle of a typical plant virus such as TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) which comprises of four stages. These structural alterations include reshaping organelles, proliferation of membranes and membranous vesicles and modification of the plasmodesmata. Download preview PDF. Some plant viruses are not limited to one particular plant host but may infect different varieties of plants. Driskel BA, Doss P, Littlefield LJ, Walker NR, Verchot-Lubicz J (2004) Soilborne wheat mosaic virus movement protein and RNA and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus coat protein accumulate inside resting spores of their vector, Fry PR (1958) The relationship of Olpidium brassicae (War.) Phytopathol Z 90:184–188. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 25:1275–1285, Yu X, Li B, Fu Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Ghabrial SA, Li G, Yi X, Jiang D (2013) Extracellular transmission of a DNA mycovirus and its use as a natural fungicide. Appl Microbiol 97:9277–9290, Wang M-B, Masuta C, Smith NA, Shimura H (2012) RNA silencing and plant viral diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is central to plant virus replication, translation, maturation, and egress. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003089. Virology 41: 339–347, Stanley WM (1935) Isolation of a crystalline protein possessing the properties of tobacco mosaic virus. Versi Gewone Vergad Wis Natuurk. During natural virus outbreaks, the infection of hosts can occur in differ-ent scenarios. Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Plant virus satellites are molecular parasites of plant viruses. Although the replicative life cycle of viruses differs greatly between species and category of virus, there are six basic stages that are essential for viral replication. The results will provide clues for the development of important control measures for disease control. This research is designed to determine how plant viruses infect plants and cause diseases and yield losses in crops. However, host ranges of individual viruses vary from very narrow to very broad. Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Gibbs AJ (1976) Viruses and plasmodesmata. Since then, the science of virology has come a long way and has played an important role in our understanding of modern biology. plants and other viruses: 2. Annu Rev Phytopathol 47:353–384, Ghoshal B, Sanfaçon H (2015) Symptom recovery in virus-infected plants: revisiting the role of RNA silencing mechanisms. Sites of Viral RNA and Viral Protein Synthesis. Viruses depend on interactions with cellular proteins and membranes to support the formation of membrane-associated, multifactorial protein:nucleic acid complexes for replication and movement. Unable to display preview. In the early phase of an epidemic, when potential hosts are highly available but viral density is low, a host usually becomes infected by a single virus at a time. provides opportunities for examining fundamental aspects of the biology of plant pathogenic fungi and of their interaction with the host. Other symptoms of plant viruses include malformed leaves, black streaks on the stems of the plants, altered growth of stems, leaves, or fruits, and ring spots, which are … J Virol 88:3016–3026, Ratcliff F, Martin-Hernandez AM, Baulcombe DC (2001) Tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing. Stage # 1. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Plant J 25:237–245, Rochon DA, Kakani K, Robbins M, Reade R (2004) Molecular aspects of plant virus transmission by olpidium and plasmodiophorid vectors. Critical experiments by Beijerinck (1898) proved for the first time that tobacco mosaic disease was not caused by a bacterium or any corpuscular organism. Cite as. Claire Asher Jan 31, 2018. Ronald Press, New York, 361 pp. Z Pflanzenkrankh 81:728–731, Nowara D, Gay A, Lacomme C, Shaw J, Ridout C, Douchkov D, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Schweizer P (2010) HIGS: host-induced gene silencing in the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, Nunes CC, Dean RA (2012) Host-induced gene silencing: A tool for understanding fungal host interaction and for developing novel disease control strategies. Virus infection & replication – A synonym Virus is a nucleo-protein having RNA or DNA as a genetic material. RNA virus replication occurs on the surface of cellular membranes that become extensively modified in the process. Science 81: 644–645, Townsend R, Stanley J, Curson SJ, Short MN (1985) Major polyadenylated transcripts of cassava latent virus and location of the gene encoding the coat protein. 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