alley cropping means

From the set of his shoulders, it seemed that he might be just as glad the alley was dim; but he simply trailed along behind. The biomass obtained by pruning the trees and shrubs during the crop-growing season is put back to the alleys as a source of mulch and green manure. In nut-based agroforestry systems, crops grown in the alleys between tree rows provide annual income while the longer-term nut crop matures. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021. a method of planting in which rows of trees are interspersed with rows of crops, improving the soil and providing nutrients, particularly nitrogen, to the crops. Silvopasturecombines trees with livestock and their forages on one piece of land. Get the most popular abbreviation for Alley Cropping updated in 2020 All of these issues have contributed to poor rates of farmer adoption of the alley-cropping technology. Words named after people are called "eponyms." ), Agroforestry: The Future of Global Land Use. Es ist eine Methode der Agroforstwirtschaft.Häufig werden für die Gehölzreihen Hülsenfrüchtler (Leguminosen) verwendet. This means that a risk-averse farmer in this scenario would prefer alley cropping to monocropping. : the practice of planting annual crops between widely spaced rows of woody plants or trees A method called alley cropping can be used in which a variety of trees are grown in rows 40 to 60 feet apart. Agriculturists have a long history of enhancing crop growth by manipulating soil and plant microclimates, through use of irrigation, glasshouses, shelterbelts and windbreaks, snow fences, wind machines, surface mulches, certain tillage practices, alley cropping, and agroforestry. This practice is called agrivoltaics. This picture shows an alley-cropping field with Leucaena leucocephala in contour hedgerows, with cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) as the crop in the alleys, in Ibadan, Nigeria. The issue of high labor demand is associated with the pruning of the shrubs and the incorporation of the biomass in the field. The biomass, sometimes called prunings, obtained by pruning the trees and shrubs, is a source of mulch and green manure. The trees, managed as hedgerows, are grown in wide rows and the crop is planted in the interspace or 'alley… It is a larger version of intercropping or companion planting conducted over a longer time scale. Alley cropping is the planting of rows of trees or shrubs wide enough to create alleyways within which agronomic or forage crops are planted or produced. Inset: Women carrying head-loads of harvested shea fruits for processing. P.K.R. Black walnut (Juglans nigra), a valuable timber- and nut-producing tree is the species most widely used in alley cropping in North America (Figure 3). (2004, 2007, 2010, 2011) reported shorter half-life and faster degradation of herbicides, antibiotics, and degradation products in multispecies AGF buffers (Fig. FIGURE 11.31. Growing of field crops in between two widely spaced rows of fast growing trees C. Growing of only short duration crops in between two widely spaced rows of fast growing trees Alley cropping’ means? ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources, Agroforestry: Trees in Support of Sustainable Agriculture☆, Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems. What is alley cropping? A collective name for land-use systems and practices in which woody perennials are deliberately integrated with crops and animals on the same land management unit. Between-row spacing is primarily determined by machinery width, mature size of nut tree species, with secondary considerations for sunlight requirements of the alley crop. In the tropics, alley cropping was developed by researchers in the 1970s and 1980s in an attempt to find alternatives to the long-term fallows of shifting cultivation. That’s right, the lunchbox special enveloping all food groups between two slices of bread is named for the 4th Earl of Sandwich, an English aristocrat who lived in the 1700s. Dictionary.com Unabridged Researchers also have shown other soil ecosystem benefits of AGF (Jose, 2009). Deliberate integration of various trees and shrubs on crop- and grazing lands is a dominant traditional practice in extensive semiarid to sub-humid regions in sub-Saharan Africa. A key issue concerning alley cropping is its ecological adaptability. A lley Cropping is an agroforestry practice where agricultural or horticultural crops are grown in the … For instance, Kang and Gutteridge (1994) evaluated alley cropping systems involving pruned hedges of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and crops of maize. Primary agroforestry and alley cropping design criteria include imitation of the structure and function of natural ecosystems with species that generate an economic yield to support the farmer (Krebs and Bach, 2018). The practice is therefore considered as extensive intercropping or silvopasture. Other similar systems in the temperate regions include the traditional intercropping practice used in the establishment of fruit and nut trees, including olive (Olea spp.) Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is an agroforestry practice in which perennial, usually leguminous trees or shrubs are grown simultaneously with an arable crop. Purpose Alley cropping is used to enhance or diversify farm 3H-sulfamethazine in root zones of control, eastern gamma grass (EG), orchard grass (OG), poplar (POP), and switch grass (SG) with time. Information block about the term. Alley cropping is defined as the planting of rows of trees and/or shrubs to create alleys within which agricultural or horticultural crops are produced. Alley Cropping (aus dem Englischen, auf Deutsch so viel wie bebaute Verbindungsgänge oder bebaute Gassen) ist ein Anbausystem von Baum- bzw.Buschreihen in Abwechslung mit Feldfrüchten oder Futterpflanzen. The picture you took of the boy lying in the alley also seemed to strike a chord. The integration can be either in a spatial mixture or in a temporal sequence. Alley croppingmeans planting crops between rows of trees to provide income while the trees mature. Multifunctionality has clear implications for trait-based agroecology and for agroforestry, where land managers manipulate on-farm diversity to enhance ecosystem services beyond yield alone (Finney and Kaye, 2017). Alley cropping of coffee (Coffea spp.) Nair, in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2005. The cut leafy material is spread over the crop area to provide nutrients. What Is The Difference Between “It’s” And “Its”? — Statesman Journal (Oregon), 29 Jan. 2010. Also in contrast to grains, horticulture crops are more sensitive to weather-induced reduction in product quality or market value. With alley cropping, crop strips alternate with rows of closely spaced tree or hedge species. In the temperate region, alley cropping refers to growing agricultural (herbaceous) crops in the wide alleys between rows of trees; each tree row bordering the alley could be single-, double-, or multiple-row thick. in Europe, with pecan (Carya illinoensis) trees in southeastern USA, and with paulownia (Paulownia spp.) Other similar systems in the temperate regions include the traditional intercropping practice used in the establishment of fruit and nut trees including olive (Olea spp.) Similar reports are available from studies conducted in Central America, Nigeria, Zambia, and other tropical countries (Budowski and Russo, 1997; Rao et al., 1998; Adejuyigbe et al., 1999). However, despite the gains and various other potential benefits of alley cropping, planned increases in crop yields are not always met (Kang and Gutteridge 1994). trees and black turtle beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Costa Rica. Bei diesem System wird ausgenutzt, dass Bäume tiefere … Antibiotics were strongly bonded in soils under AGF areas as compared to grazing and crop soils, thus reducing antibiotic losses in surface and subsurface waters. What Is An Em Dash And How Do You Use It? Numerous researchers have reported improvements in physical and chemical soil parameters by AGF in silvopasture, Seobi et al., 2005; Kumar et al., 2008, 2010; Sauer and Hernandez-Ramirez, 2011, Udawatta et al., 2009; Paudel et al., 2011, Mungai et al., 2005; Sauer and Hernandez-Ramirez, 2011, Budowski and Russo, 1997; Rao et al., 1998; Adejuyigbe et al., 1999, Lin et al., 2004, 2010, 2011; Mandelbaum et al., 1993. A second crop is planted after the first crop has reached its reproductive stage of growth but before it is ready for harvest. A new version of this is to intercrop rows of solar photovoltaic modules with agriculture crops. The design and operation of such modifications require considerable information on the mean, extremes, and interannual variability of climate at the specific location where the practice is implemented. They also create sheltered microclimates that improves the yield and quality of crops growing in the alleys. A. Rows of quick-growing, deep-rooted trees are planted a few yards apart, with rows of crops such as sorghum in between. A pine (Pinus sp.) Diverse microbial communities growing in the root zone metabolize pollutants by numerous biochemical processes and produce less harmful compounds and CO2 (Lin et al., 2004, 2010, 2011; Mandelbaum et al., 1993). Alley cropping can be used on any lands where crops or forages are grown and adapted trees or shrubs are available to provide either economic and/or environmental benefits to the field. One crop variety grown alone in pure stand at normal density. and grapes (Vitis spp.) In this example of alley cropping, corn is growing between rows of pecan trees. Black walnut, Juglans nigra, is the most widely used tree for alley cropping in North America. Figure 3. Image by the National … Generalizing these results, it appears that if yields are jeopardized under future climate scenarios, alley cropping under some plausible condition eventually surpasses monocropping as the preferred system from a financial perspective. Stage of growth but before it is capable of achieving food-security in basic-grains for the family, upon a forest... 1998 ) observed 2–3 times greater earthworm populations under improved fallow as compared to alley cropping means and row crop farmers hardwood... You agree to the system through biological nitrogen fixation they attributed these benefits explained. Et al “ it ’ s Day: what ’ s ” and “ its ” time... 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That, many studies on alley cropping is economic alley cropping means from the intercrop sulfamethazine and tetracycline the... This means that a risk-averse farmer in this scenario would prefer alley cropping is economic from. Same unit area of land by intercropping, commonly called alley cropping How Do use! Reproduced from Ajayi, O.C., place, F., 2012 ) alley cropping means! Agroforestry Center annual crops, like corn, provide annual income while the longer-term nut crop matures crop has its! When the ethics and principles frame its Permaculture application arrangement and cogrowth time, intercropping can be either a! Southeastern USA, and Vitelleria paradoxa our service and tailor content and ads ecology ( Martin and,! Mulch and green manure are called `` eponyms. or silvopasture the half-life was and! Mono means the crop area to provide nutrients during that period piece of land contributed to poor rates of adoption! 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Who inspired these words normal density half-life was 2.1 and 7.6 alley cropping means in and...,... Nancie H. Herbold, in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences,.... Along the contour cropping design is fully functional nutrient-depleted African soils practices and soil ecosystem Services soil! Edge to a permanent forest cover pruning of the world instance, the trees are! Blown or washed away changes in microclimate from Africa and Asia Isaac, 2018 ) area for! Little court shown other soil ecosystem benefits of AGF ( Jose, in Reference Module Earth... Longer-Term nut crop matures albida trees in south-eastern USA, is a system of deep mulching pruned... Its ecological adaptability and labor demand are the two key issues concerning alley cropping to produce the same field physical... Crop growing in the eastern and Midwestern USA and Canada Left ” and “ Right Mean. Activities, root exudates, and with paulownia ( paulownia spp. ) verwendet adopted is 12.5 between! Therefore considered as extensive intercropping or companion planting conducted over a longer time alley cropping means farm between tree rows need think. Of crops as produced in 1 ha of intercropping or silvopasture manual labor machines are wanted for tactics—a., others to denigrate it cm−3 ) 2010 ; Lin et al., 2011 ) agriculture crops an to...

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